Erasmus of Rotterdam on Clarity and Vagueness

Cover of The Turn of the Screw Discussing the methods of sentence variation by using allegory and proverbs —which at times result in enigmas— in his book On Copia, Erasmus says: “For things should not be written in such a way that everyone understands everything, but so that they are forced to investigate things, and learn.” We often read that clarity, conciseness, terseness, should be what good writers strive for. Having seen these admonitions many times, Erasmus’ remark: “Things should not be written in such a way that everyone understands everything …” caught my eye. In fiction, some things are better handled if left unsaid—left open. Henry James, novelist, master of nuance For many years readers, scholars, and critics have been not only debating Henry James’ novelette The Turn of the Screw, but also interpreting it. Henry James, a master of nuance, has wrought a tale of terror that would have satisfied Erasmus because we are left “to investigate things, and learn.” In the tale only the young governess can see the ghosts, believing that the previous sinister governess and her lover are controlling the two orphaned children. It is a text that can be read and interpreted in many ways: as ghost story, a crime story, or a detective story. And in the end we are left with the enigma: is this woman mad? Kafka, the absurd Most of Kafka’s stories are open ended, resulting not only in enigmas, but also in insoluble paradoxes, problems of dehumanization, and other absurd human labyrinths. Is Gregor Samsa, a hero, an anti-hero, a pathetic character, or even a vermin? Who is to blame for his metamorphosis? And who kills him? Is it a sacrifice? “When Gregor Samsa woke up one morning from unsettling dreams, he found himself changed in his bed into a monstrous vermin.” Isn’t possible to infer from the very beginning that the story is just a common nightmare? Likewise, in the Trial: “Someone must have been telling lies about Joseph K., for without having done anything wrong he was arrested one fine morning” Dragged through the corridors of the court and ‘the law,’ and on to his final night, Joseph K —and the readers— never learn what crime he committed. Jorge Luis Borges, cerebral stories In the work of Jorge Luis Borges we find stories that besides being cerebral are open to different interpretations. The short story “El Sur” is a hallucinating story in which the hero goes into his death with his eyes open and his boots on. Macho-like. Or did he? One of the possible interpretations is that he conjured all those images of gauchos that populate the South (of Argentina), at his deathbed in the hospital. Ambrose Bierce, stories with a twist “An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge” is a fantastic story with a stunning twist at the end. Like Jorge Luis Borges, the story in itself has a twist, but what makes it delightful is the language in which it is told. Deliberate. Spectacular. A mix of action and thought. Without wasting words, the author leads the reader through a dreamy path and on to a plausible and realistic conclusion. The Renaissance scholar Erasmus of Rotterdam may be correct: don’t make everything absolutely clear; your readers will respect you more if you leave something for them to ponder. Updike: Use of Infinitives Possessive Nouns Using Zeugma for Humor HowToBegin Your Novel Truman Capote's Techniques How To Create Great Villains War on Adverbs Using Rhetorical Tools Ed McBain Sold 90 million books Hook Your Reader Dante and Writing Derrida and Writing Erasmus on Clarity Hawthorne and Magic Realism Literature Transforms Us Flawed Beauty:Lily Bart,Ligeia Rousseau and Genre Grammatical Subject Senada Selmani, model To write great blogs, e-mails, term papers, essays, or fiction - Get Mary Duffy's Sentence Openers Itching to Become a Writer? Visit Mary Duffy's Storefront

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